Merritt, Carey,  1959- <br/><br/>
Process steam systems :  a practical guide for operators, maintainers, designers, and educators / 
Carey Merritt. 
 - Second edition. 
 - 1 online resource :  illustrations (chiefly color) 
<br/><br/>Includes bibliographical references and index. 
<br/><br/>Table of Contents<br/><br/>Preface xi  <br/><br/>Acknowledgments xiii<br/><br/> List of Examples xv<br/><br/>List of Tables xvii<br/><br/>1 Steam: a Heat Transfer Fluid 1<br/><br/>Why Steam? 1<br/><br/>Steam Is Safe and Flexible 2<br/><br/>Steam Is Easy to Control 2<br/><br/>The Concept of Steam Formation: Boiling 3<br/><br/>Pressure and Boiling 4<br/><br/>The Ideal Gas Law 6<br/><br/>2 The Development of Boiler Safety 9<br/><br/>How It All Began 9<br/><br/>The Consequences of Development 10<br/><br/>Development of Asme Code 12<br/><br/>Future of Steam 13<br/><br/>3 Understanding Heat Transfer 15<br/><br/>Radiation-Type Heat Transfer 15<br/><br/>Conduction-Type Heat Transfer 18<br/><br/>Convection-Type Heat Transfer 21<br/><br/>The Heat Transfer Equations 23<br/><br/>The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (U) 23<br/><br/>mean Temperature Difference (ΔT M) 25<br/><br/>ΔT m for a Steam Boiler 26<br/><br/>ΔT m for a Steam to Process Fluid Heat Exchanger 27<br/><br/>Surface Area (m) 27<br/><br/>Heat Flux 30<br/><br/>4 Steam Formation, Accumulation, and Condensation 31<br/><br/>The Boiling Process 31<br/><br/>Steaming 32<br/><br/>Latent and Sensible Heat Versus Pressure 34<br/><br/>Condensation of Steam 34<br/><br/>The Formation of Flash Steam 36<br/><br/>Steam Accumulation and Storage 38<br/><br/>5 Steam Quality: It Matters 41<br/><br/>Why Steam Quality Is Important 42<br/><br/>Poor Steam Quality Causes and Cures 42<br/><br/>Steam Classifications 45<br/><br/>Measuring Steam Quality 47<br/><br/>Superheated Steam 48<br/><br/>6 The Steam System Design 53<br/><br/>Steam System Types 53<br/><br/>The Process Steam System: An Overview 55<br/><br/>7 The Steam Generator 59<br/><br/>The Ideal Steam Generator 60<br/><br/>Steam Generator Types 62<br/><br/>Fossil Fuel-Fired Boilers 62<br/><br/>Solid Fuel-Fired Boilers 68<br/><br/>Electric Boilers 70<br/><br/>Unfired Steam Generators 73<br/><br/>Heat Recovery Steam Generators 74<br/><br/>8 Boiler Operation and Trim 75<br/><br/>The Packaged Boiler Concept 76<br/><br/>Fuel Delivery and Combustion Systems 83<br/><br/>Low Emissions 91<br/><br/>Multiple Boiler Sequencing 94<br/><br/>9 The Steam Delivery System 97<br/><br/>Steam Flow 97<br/><br/>Steam Distribution Piping 98<br/><br/>Control Valves 111<br/><br/>Steam Accumulation 116<br/><br/>Steam Filtration 120<br/><br/>Sensors and Meters 122<br/><br/>Steam Metering 123<br/><br/>Stop and Safety Valves 123<br/><br/>10 The Condensate Recovery System 129<br/><br/>Condensate Line Sizing 131<br/><br/>Steam Trap Applications 134<br/><br/>Thermostatic Group 134<br/><br/>Mechanical Group 134<br/><br/>Thermodynamic Group 134<br/><br/>Thermostatic Steam Trap Group 134<br/><br/>Mechanical Group 136<br/><br/>Thermodynamic Group 139<br/><br/>Flash Steam Utilization 142<br/><br/>How to Size Flash Tanks and Vent Lines 143<br/><br/>Condensate Collection 146<br/><br/>Electric Condensate Return System 146<br/><br/>Pressure Motive Condensate Pump 148<br/><br/>Pressure Motive Pump Installation Requirements 148<br/><br/>Pumped Condensate Return Line Installation 151<br/><br/>Surge Tank Application 152<br/><br/>11 The Feed Water System 153<br/><br/>Feed Water Deaeration 153<br/><br/>The Elimination of Dissolved Gases 154<br/><br/>Feed Water Tanks 156<br/><br/>Feed Water Tank Sizing 158<br/><br/>Feed Water Pumps 160<br/><br/>Feed Water Pump Sizing 164<br/><br/>Feed Water Piping 166<br/><br/>Feed Water-Surge Tank Controls 168<br/><br/>12 Steam System Chemistry Control 169<br/><br/>Basic Water Chemistry 169<br/><br/>Scale Control 171<br/><br/>Fouling Control 174<br/><br/>Corrosion Control 175<br/><br/>Boiler Blowdown 178<br/><br/>Best Operating Practices for Boiler Blowdown 179<br/><br/>Automatic Versus Manual Blowdown Controls 179<br/><br/>Determining Blowdown Rate 180<br/><br/>Chemical Feed Systems 181<br/><br/>Chemistry Limits 183<br/><br/>Steam System Metallurgy 183<br/><br/>13 Mechanical Room Considerations 187<br/><br/>Codes and Standards 187<br/><br/>Steam Load Profile 190<br/><br/>Steam System Performance Considerations 192<br/><br/>Environmental Considerations 194<br/><br/>Boiler Room Utilities 200<br/><br/>14 Steam System Applications 207<br/><br/>Low-Pressure Steam with High Condensate Returns 209<br/><br/>High-Pressure Steam with High Condensate Returns 210<br/><br/>High- or Low-Pressure Steam with Little or No Returns 212<br/><br/>High-Pressure or Superheated Steam with Condensate Returns 214<br/><br/>Multiple Boiler Installations 215<br/><br/>Steam for Hot Water Generation 217<br/><br/>Other Miscellaneous Steam-Use Application Designs 219<br/><br/>15 Specialized Steam Equipment 223<br/><br/>Back Pressure Turbine 223<br/><br/>Steam Hydro Heater 225<br/><br/>Steam Superheaters 226<br/><br/>Steam Dump Mufflers 229<br/><br/>Jacketed Kettles 230<br/><br/>Sterilizers 230<br/><br/>Reboilers 231<br/><br/>16 Steam System Efficiency/Sustainability 233<br/><br/>The System Heat Balance 233<br/><br/>Boiler Heat Balance 234<br/><br/>Boiler Efficiency 234<br/><br/>Steam System Efficiency 239<br/><br/>Boiler Internal Cleanliness 244<br/><br/>Steam Delivery System Efficiency 245<br/><br/>Condensate and Feed Water System Efficiency 246<br/><br/>Biomass Fuel Water Content Reduction 248<br/><br/>17 Shutdown, Startup, Inspection, and Maintenance 249<br/><br/>Shutdown and Startup Practices 249<br/><br/>Boiler Safety Checks 251<br/><br/>Maintenance and Inspection Practices 253<br/><br/>Inspections 255<br/><br/>Boil Out and Layup Practices 257<br/><br/>18 Troubleshooting and Commissioning Basics 261<br/><br/>Startup Versus Commissioning 261<br/><br/>Approach to Troubleshooting 262<br/><br/>Don’t Play the Blame Game 262<br/><br/>Precommissioning 263<br/><br/>19 Commissioning and Troubleshooting the Steam Generator 265<br/><br/>Determining Boiler Input, Output, and Efficiency 265<br/><br/>Boiler Performance Test 267<br/><br/>Commissioning the Boiler Burner Controls 269<br/><br/>Commissioning the Boiler Pressure Control System 269<br/><br/>Commissioning the Boiler Level Control System 270<br/><br/>Commissioning the Boiler Blowdown Controls 270<br/><br/>Steam Boiler Troubleshooting 270<br/><br/>20 Commissioning and Troubleshooting the Steam Delivery System 279<br/><br/>Steam Distribution Piping 279<br/><br/>Control Valves 280<br/><br/>Steam Piping Venting 281<br/><br/>Condensate Trapping/Draining 281<br/><br/>Troubleshooting the Steam Delivery System 281<br/><br/>21 Commissioning and Troubleshooting the Condensate and Feed Water System 283<br/><br/>Condensate Collection 283<br/><br/>Feed Water System 285<br/><br/>Troubleshooting the Condensate and Feed Water Systems 285<br/><br/>22 Commissioning and Troubleshooting the Water Treatment Equipment 289<br/><br/>Setting Up the Water Treatment Systems 289<br/><br/>Troubleshooting Water Treatment System Problems 290<br/><br/>23 Sample Problem Sets 293<br/><br/>Appendix A References and Reference Information 297<br/><br/>Appendix B Operations, Maintenance, and Inspection Guidance 313<br/><br/>Appendix C Steam System Design and Commissioning Guidance 323<br/><br/>Appendix D Problem Set Answers 331<br/><br/>Index341 
<br/><br/> "The lack of knowledge of steam system design and operation in the engineering community is becoming more evident each year. Consequently, most organizations tasked with designing or operating a steam system rely heavily on the steam equipment manufactures to help them figure it out. Although there is a lot of good individual equipment guidance available today, if you don't understand the steam system function as a whole, it is very easy to end up with a poorly designed system. The book is written with a system approach and looks at each part of the steam system individually with many examples of how to size and select the right equipment for a variety of applications. In addition to engineering principles, the text discusses good operations, maintenance, troubleshooting and commissioning practices of the entire steam system. This book is meant to provide a text for learning and a reference guide for operators, maintainers and engineers"-- 
<br/><br/><br/>About the Author<br/><br/>Carey Merritt has over 30 years’ experience designing, operating, and maintaining process steam systems. He has designed over 200 process steam systems in a wide variety of industries and countries, including ­Australia, Canada, and China.  
<br/><br/><label>ISBN: </label>9781119838937 9781119838968 1119838967 9781119838944 1119838940 9781119838951 1119838959 
<br/><br/><label>Subjects--Topical Terms: </label><br/>Steam-boilers--Maintenance and repair.<br/>Chemical plants--Equipment and supplies.<br/>Steam-heating.
<br/><br/><label>Index Terms--Genre/Form: </label><br/>Electronic books.
<br/><br/><label>LC Class. No.: </label>TJ289  / .M44 2023 
<br/><br/><label>Dewey Class. No.: </label>697/.500288